In the last decade, the word “sustainability” has become a common term in the tourism industry. From hotels and hostels to restaurants, everyone seems committed to sustainable practices. However, when these initiatives are closely examined, reality often does not match the rhetoric. In this opinion piece, the true implementation of sustainability in Palomino, La Guajira, a tourist destination known for its natural beauty and indigenous communities, is explored. In popular slang, it is known as Colombia’s “hippy town,” promoted by influencers who increase its magic and appeal to young tourists, while also appealing to older visitors, evoking memories of the mythical 1969 “Woodstock” Hippy Festival (YouTube).
According to the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), sustainable tourism comprehensively considers the economic, social, and environmental consequences of both present and future, with the aim of meeting the needs of both tourists and the industry, the natural environment, and the local communities that host them (UNWTO, n.d.).
Therefore, it is necessary to reflect through the axes that are immersed in sustainable tourism (Environmental, social, and economic).
The Prominence of the Environmental Axis
The environmental axis is the most visible in the sustainability strategies adopted by many tourist establishments. Initiatives such as reducing plastic use and implementing recycling systems are common. However, these actions are often superficial. An example is a natural pool in a hostel in La Sierrita (a neighborhood of the township), a commendable but isolated effort. Most hotels in Palomino focus on specific areas such as water management or maintaining green spaces but lack a comprehensive sustainability structure (Cartagena Explorer, 2022).
The Missed Opportunity of the Social Axis
Social sustainability involves creating decent employment and respecting local communities. Palomino is a destination known for its natural beauty and the presence of indigenous communities such as the Arhuacos and Koguis. At first glance, it may seem like a perfect example of sustainable tourism. However, the reality is different. The growing influx of tourists has placed significant pressure on local ecosystems. Unfortunately, indigenous communities in Palomino face numerous challenges. The lack of decent employment and the inequity in the distribution of tourism benefits are persistent problems. Some local foundations have implemented training programs, but these efforts are not enough for widespread empowerment. Additionally, it is complicated to find qualified local labor because there are no nearby tourism schools, leaving this task in the hands of the establishments, often without the necessary knowledge or expertise (Corpoguajira, 2023).
Inequality in the Distribution of Benefits in the Economic Axis
Palomino’s local economy largely depends on tourism, but the economic benefits are not evenly distributed. Although tourism should be a source of income and development, local communities often do not receive equitable benefits. The jobs generated are mostly temporary and poorly paid, and there is insufficient investment in infrastructure that benefits permanent residents. Additionally, the cultural practices and territorial rights of indigenous communities are not always respected, undermining social sustainability. The resources generated by tourism are often not reinvested in the local community, thus limiting sustainable economic development (Gonzalez et al., 2018).
Likewise, Palomino, being a township, does not have its own mayor and is administratively dependent on Dibulla. Despite being a tourist destination with significant revenue, these funds are directed to Dibulla, a more commercial town that does not adequately return the benefits to Palomino’s local development. This is evident in the deteriorated streets, frequent power outages, and water shortages. Nevertheless, Palomino continues to attract national and international tourists, as well as new residents, thanks to its natural and cultural charm. The question is: How could it truly become a sustainable destination in every aspect?
My Personal Experience
I have had the opportunity to live in Palomino for several months and have become familiar with various hotels and businesses with sustainability potential, considering that, as I am pursuing a Master’s in Sustainable Tourism, my perspective tends to sharpen. However, it is apparent that each hotel focuses on isolated aspects of sustainability, such as water management, green spaces, the beach, or the community. There is no guide or comprehensive sustainability structure that covers all these aspects cohesively. This creates a significant opportunity for educational institutions to reach the community and impact it based on its specific needs, with proposals designed according to the particularities of the destination.
Conclusion
Neither reality nor trend, unfortunately. For Palomino to become a true example of sustainable tourism, it is essential to start from the beginning, promoting the union of experts in favor of a Palomino known not only for its “hippy” charm but also for sustainability in all its aspects.
Sustainability in tourism in Palomino is achievable, but it requires genuine commitment and coordinated efforts. Only through the comprehensive implementation of these strategies, accompanied by constant monitoring and continuous support, can Palomino be transformed into a model of sustainable tourism that benefits all involved and preserves its natural and cultural wealth for future generations.
To achieve this, collaboration between local and regional authorities could be improved to ensure that tourism-generated resources are reinvested in local development. It is also important to formalize the collection of tourism taxes and ensure they are supervised by competent authorities.
Moreover, public policies could be managed to improve local infrastructure, ensuring proper waste management, water and energy supply, and connectivity.
Finally, the overall conclusion is that Palomino is undeniably a place with its magic, but the disorderly growth and lack not only of governance but also of commitment from those who live and profit from this charming town make it unsustainable in any way. However, the hope lies in everyone’s ability to contribute to this goal. As the saying goes, “One swallow does not make a summer,” but if each of us contributes from our experience and knowledge, we can surely achieve it. The transformation of Palomino into a sustainable tourism model is not only possible but necessary, and it requires the joint effort of the entire community to preserve its natural and cultural wealth for future generations.
